Platelet count

Principle

1. Total platelet count ek blood test hai jo blood mein platelets (thrombocytes) ki quantity measure karta hai.
2. Platelets blood clotting aur wound healing ke liye bahut important hote hain.
3. Ye count usually automated blood cell analyzer se ya manual hemocytometer se kiya jata hai.
4. Is process mein blood sample dilute karte hain aur microscope ya automated machine ke zariye platelets count karte hain.
5. Ye batata hai ki ek microliter (µL) blood mein kitne platelets hain.

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Requirements

• Whole blood EDTA

• Hemocytometer (counting chamber)

• Pipettes

• Glass slides

• Cover slips

• Microscope

• Diluting fluid:

  • Procaine – 3.0 g

  • Sodium hydrochloride – 10 g

  • Distilled water – 100 ml

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Procedure

1. Diluting fluid prepare karo.

2. Blood sample ko dilution fluid ke saath known ratio mein dilute karo.

3. RBC pipette use karke blood ko 0.5 mark tak draw karo.

4. Pipette ke bahar extra blood wipe kar do.

5. Diluting fluid 101 mark tak draw karo (blood dilute hota hai 1:200).

6. Bulb mein achhi tarah mix karo.

7. 5 minute ke baad pehla drop discard karo, phir chhota drop counting chamber ke ek side par transfer karo.

8. Mounted counting chamber ko petri dish ke upar rakho jisme moist filter paper ho. 15 minute tak undisturbed rehne do.

9. Counting chamber ko microscope ke stage par carefully rakho. Low power magnification par red cell counting area focus karo.

10. Red cell area ke chamber square ko dekho aur high-power objective par switch karo.

11. Condenser ko neeche rakho aur diaphragm adjust karke light kam karo.

12. Platelets highly refractile particles jaise dikhai denge.

13. Saare 25 chhote squares mein platelets count karo. Ye 25 squares ka area 1 square mm ke barabar hota hai.

14. Calculation:

Total platelet count nikalne ke liye formula use karo:

Platelet count (per µl) = Number of platelets counted × Dilution / Volume of fluid

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Normal Range
Normal platelet count: 150,000 se 450,000 platelets per microliter (µL) blood.

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Clinical Significance

Low Platelet Count (Thrombocytopenia):
Platelet count: 150,000 platelets/µL se kam.

Causes:

• Bone marrow disorders (jaise leukemia, aplastic anemia)

• Autoimmune diseases (jaise lupus, immune thrombocytopenic purpura [ITP])

• Viral infections (jaise dengue, HIV)

• Drug-induced (jaise heparin-induced thrombocytopenia)

• Blood loss ya dilution (jaise massive transfusion ke baad)

• Liver diseases (jaise cirrhosis)

Symptoms:

• Bleeding ka risk badhna (aasan bruise hona, petechiae, gums se bleeding)

• Injury ya surgery ke baad bleeding zyada hona

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High Platelet Count (Thrombocytosis):
Platelet count: 450,000 platelets/µL se zyada.

Causes:

• Reactive (secondary) thrombocytosis infections, inflammation, ya iron deficiency ke karan

• Essential thrombocythemia (myeloproliferative disorder ka ek type)

• Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Symptoms:

• Blood clot banne ka risk badhna, jiski wajah se stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), ya pulmonary embolism ho sakta hai

• Kabhi kabhi bina symptoms ke bhi ho sakta hai, par kuch cases mein headache, dizziness, ya vision disturbance ho sakte hain

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Monitoring Disease Progression and Treatment:
Platelet count ko use kiya jata hai monitor karne ke liye:

• Cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy) jo platelet production ko affect karte hain

• Liver cirrhosis jahan platelet count disease progression ko show karta hai

• Bone marrow disorders mein platelet count changes treatment ke response ko indicate karte hain